Author: Zachary Cohen

Dr. Zac began his career working in professional sports. He noticed a large discrepancy between the quality of care that elite athletes receive when compared to the normal active public. This inspired him to create Cohen Health and Performance, a place that treats everyone as if they are a professional athlete! He graduated summa cum laude from Northeastern University in 2011 with his Doctorate in Physical Therapy, and also became a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS). While at Northeastern he worked as a Physical Therapy Graduate Assistant for the New England Patriots, and served as a strength and conditioning coach for Northeastern University athletics. Prior to moving to Maryland, Zac was a Performance Physical Therapist with EXOS (formerly known as Athletes' Performance) in Dallas, TX where he treated and trained the world's most gifted athletes from throughout the NFL, MLB, NBA, MLS, and various Olympic teams.

Why We Need to Stop Comparing Adult Movements to Children’s

It has become common in fields of physical therapy and performance training to compare adult movement to the ways that babies move. You may have spoken to a professional that uses this comparison in their approach.

The logic usually goes something like this…“Humans were born with the ability to squat fully, and our modern lifestyles robbed us of that ability, so we need to regain it.”

Sounds understandable, right?

I thought so too. I even took a couple of continuing education courses based loosely upon this concept. The class instructors showed pictures of babies at various development stages and attempted to teach movements that mimicked these phases. The idea was to help adults gain back some of the movement capabilities that they once had as children and this new freedom of movement would help to alleviate pain and resolve injury.

Adults Are Not Babies

While I think we’d all love to be able to squat to the floor, crawl around all day, and never get tired, the truth is that we are not babies anymore.

Babies have a large amount of joint laxity that allows them to get into a variety of different positions, that we don’t have as adults. Babies also have a very large head in relation to the body, which helps to provide a counterbalance for easy squatting. In fact, according to Healthline, many of a baby’s bones are composed of cartilage, a type of connective tissue that is tough but flexible. This cartilage turns to bone as we grow.

Their bodies are still growing and changing. They fall often and make mistakes (essential for learning), which flexibility and mobility help with. Because of this, the ability to squat to the floor is normal for a baby. The same cannot always be said for adults.

Adults are not babies, and we cannot use a baby’s movement as a model for how an adult should move. Not only do babies have much different bone and structural compositions, but all adults have different movement capabilities due to variations in torso lengths and body proportions (among other reasons). Using singular movement standards would overlook this critical aspect.

It is nice to think that we could be able to squat to the floor like we once did when we were a toddler. However, adults are not babies, and our bodies are not the same as they once were.

Because of this, we do not expect our physical therapy patients to squat to the floor. It is essential for all of us to set realistic movement standards that will help to live pain-free and healthy lives. For help in the arena, talk to our experienced physical therapy team in Bethesda!

Want to return to running after an ankle sprain?

Ankle sprains are often dismissed as minor injuries, yet they frequently lead runners and other athletes to seek physical therapy.

The seriousness of these injuries is frequently underestimated, with athletes returning to their activities too soon.

The most common type of ankle sprain that we see in physical therapy is an inversion sprain, where the foot typically remains planted as the ankle turns inward, causing the outer edge of the foot to roll onto the ground—hence the term “rolled ankle.” This motion damages the ligaments on the outside of the ankle, often leading to varying degrees of tears.

The severity of the injury and the number of ligaments affected determine the grade of the sprain, ranging from grade 1 to grade 3.

After an ankle sprain, it’s crucial to rule out a fracture. Athletes should seek an X-ray if they are unable to bear weight on the injured leg or experience severe pain around the malleolus (the prominent ankle bone on the outside).

If no fracture is found and the aforementioned symptoms are absent, the focus can shift to gradually returning to running.

During running, there is never a moment when both feet are on the ground simultaneously. This means the body is continuously bouncing from one leg to the other, placing repeated stress on the ankles as they absorb the full impact of the body.

Unfortunately, after an ankle injury, the capacity of the affected area to handle stress (the cumulative amount it can bear before re-injury) is significantly reduced. As a result, recovery from an ankle sprain often takes longer than expected, with many athletes attempting to run before their ankle has fully healed.

To ensure a safe recovery, injured tissues need to gradually reacclimate to the stress associated with running or other sports.

A careful and progressive return to running might start with non-weight-bearing movements, gradually advancing to low-impact, weight-bearing exercises such as squats, split squats, and lunges. From there, single-leg activities like balance drills and single-leg squats can be introduced, followed by plyometric exercises involving two-legged jumps, and eventually, hopping on one leg.

Finally, activities such as jump roping, short runs, and longer runs can be reintroduced into the routine.

In summary, every ankle sprain is unique, making it essential to have a trained medical professional assess the injury to rule out a fracture. This professional can then design a personalized return-to-sport program tailored to your needs.

For further assistance and information on how we can help, you know where to find us!

A Window to Cardiovascular Health

“Casual Runner” by Chris Hunkeler is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

Resting heart rate paints a vivid picture of cardiovascular health and impacts the body’s response to sports physical therapy interventions. RHR, or resting heart rate, is the number of times the heart beats per minute when the body is not physically active — such as when sitting.

According to the Mayo Clinic, the “normal” range for a resting heart rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute (BPM), though resting heart rates vary from person to person based on various circumstances. For example, resting heart rate is significantly influenced by mood, environment, cardiovascular fitness, and stress.

As a rule of thumb — as cardiovascular health increases, resting heart rate tends to decrease. Therefore, athletes often have lower resting heart rates than those that do not regularly exercise. That said, resting heart rate is an important measure for anyone looking to improve their overall health.

What Your Resting Heart Rate Says About Your Cardiovascular Health

The heart is responsible for pumping blood and oxygen throughout the body. An elevated resting heart rate causes increased strain on the heart, often linked to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and a higher risk of heart disease.

A resting heart rate of more than 100 BPM is called tachycardia, whereas an RHR below 60 beats per minute is called bradycardia.

Other than a few exceptions (for example, medications that lower the heart rate), a lower resting heart rate is an indication that the heart is more efficiently pumping blood, requiring fewer beats per minute to distribute blood throughout the body. Because each beat is more powerful, the heart is much stronger than one with a high resting heart rate.

Fortunately, there are many ways to improve resting heart rate, thus improving overall cardiovascular health.

How To Improve Your Resting Heart Rate

This is where cardiovascular exercise comes in handy. A recent study conducted at the University of Lousiville concluded that regular exercise effectively lowers resting heart rate, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.

We think of cardiovascular exercise as strength training for the heart. Aerobic workouts, like walking, jogging, or swimming, train your body to use oxygen more efficiently, which gradually reduces your resting heart rate and breathing rate — both of which are important factors of cardiovascular health.

A more efficient heart can even help athletes recover quicker between grueling workouts. Plus, it allows many of our physical therapy patients in Chevy Chase and Bethesda to better adapt to the physical demands of their lives.

Final Thoughts

Resting heart rate is an important measure of cardiovascular health. A significantly high resting heart rate often correlates with many health problems such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Conversely, a low resting heart rate indicates a strong, healthy cardiovascular system.

If you’re struggling to improve your resting heart rate, try adding in regular cardiovascular exercise to gradually improve cardiovascular efficiency. Resting heart rate will improve as a byproduct.

If you’d like to work directly with a physical therapist in Chevy Chase or Bethesda to help you with this, please contact us today to schedule a free consultation!

Is Mobility Overrated?

Mobility has become a popular buzzword in the sports physical therapy community in Bethesda and Chevy Chase. While it is an important aspect of health and fitness, could mobility be getting more attention than it actually deserves?

What Is Mobility?

The term “mobility” refers the quantity of available movement — and how freely and efficiently you’re able to do so. Popularized by the sports physical therapy and training community, mobility is important for everyone, whether you’re an elite athlete or a busy working Mom.

Mobility is an important part of a well-designed injury rehabilitation and prevention program. It is also used to improve the quality of life for our physical therapy patients in Chevy Chase and Bethesda.

While very important, many experts feel that the booming popularity of mobility overshadows several other key health factors. In particular, the added focus on mobility often leads to a lack of attention on other important health factors, such as strength, cardiovascular health, and other global health behaviors.

What The Mobility “Craze” Makes Us Overlook

Although mobility is an important aspect of a healthy body, mobility alone won’t provide the quick fix you might be looking for. Instead, there are several complex contributing factors that need to be properly managed to improve your overall health.

Strength Training

Lean body mass and strength are some of the greatest indicators of the overall health of an individual. In fact, according to a study done by Harvard University, something as simple as grip strength can help measure an individual’s risk of heart attack, stroke, or cardiovascular disease.

Focusing on mobility alone overlooks the importance of strength training. According to The Mayo Clinic, strength training can help you manage or lose weight, increase metabolism, protect your joints and ligaments, and improve your ability to do everyday activities.

Cardiovascular Exercise

Another important measure of the overall health of an individual is cardiovascular fitness. A simple way to gauge cardiovascular health is by measuring your resting heart rate — the number of times your heart beats per minute when not physically active.

Although the normal range of a resting heart rate is between 50–100 beats per minute, a resting heart rate greater than 90-100 BPM can put unnecessary strain on the heart. A high resting heart rate has even been linked to high blood pressure, cholesterol, and even heart disease.

By solely focusing on mobility, cardiovascular health may be overlooked.

Global Health Behaviors

Outside of strength and cardio training, there are several other important contributing factors to an individual’s health — specifically sleep, nutrition, and social connection.

Sleep plays a crucial role in your physical health. Not only does sleep heal and repair your muscles, heart, and blood vessels, but a recent study discovered done by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute discovered a link between sleep deficiency and an increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

Final Thoughts

All in all, mobility is only one aspect of staying healthy and active — it isn’t the only thing that should be focused on. Health is achieved through the successful balance of multiple variables, including mobility, strength training, cardiovascular exercise, and various other global health behaviors.

If you’re looking for a comprehensive program to improve your health, fitness, and quality of life, our physical therapy team in Bethesda and Chevy Chase can help. Contact us today for a free consultation!

Why Rest Often Makes Back Pain Worse

I’m sure you’ve heard it before…“Weight training is back for your back! Be careful.”

Although this mindset is common, after years of treating sports physical therapy patients in Bethesda and Chevy Chase, we’ve actually found the opposite to be true. According to Michael Mash, DPT, back pain from time to time is actually normal and usually resolves itself without treatment or the need for expensive medical attention.

In fact, research shows that sedentary activity, like sitting on the couch watching Netflix, can actually make back pain worse. Oftentimes, after a small “tweak” or “flare-up” from lifting weights, many athletes can self-manage by simply avoiding painful movements while focusing on exercises that still feel comfortable.

All in all, weight training is not the single source of low back pain. There are several contributing factors — including lifestyle, diet, and exercise form. The body is incredibly resilient, and with a little education and practice, you can enjoy an active lifestyle while staying healthy and pain-free!

How Rate of Perceived Exertion Can Make You a Better Athlete

In performance physical therapy, training programs follow a strict methodology for exercises, sets, reps, and effort to produce a specific training effect.

One overlooked, but equally important aspect of an effective training program is autoregulation, which describes adjusting the training effort to accommodate a present condition. For example, if the program calls for a brief warmup, reducing the weight on the bar is one easy form of autoregulation.

One of the main use cases of autoregulation involves using the RPE scale, also known as the Rate of Perceived Exertion. The RPE scale is a scale from 1–10 that measures the perceived level of exertion or difficulty.

Rather than saying, “Darn, that set was really difficult!” you could say, “I’d rank that as an 8 out of 10 on the RPE scale.” Using RPE in performance physical therapy is an effective way to place a numerical value on the difficulty of an exercise, set, or workout.

Credit: Michael Tuchscherer & RTS

How to Implement RPE Into Your Training

Before we dive in, it’s important to understand the usefulness of RPE. According to Propane Fitness, autoregulating using RPE allows an athlete to get the most out of each training session — whether you’re feeling amazing and well-rested or if you slept for two hours on the floor of your buddies apartment. By adjusting the training load based on perceived difficulty, you’re better able to manage the workload of each exercise.

A sample workout using RPE might look like this:

Barbell Bench Press: 3 sets x 5 reps @ 8 RPE
Decline Dumbbell Bench Press: 3 sets x 8 reps @ 6 RPE

Implementing RPE into a workout is as simple as adding it to the already existing workout. RPE is simply a training tool that allows for more customization and variation in training load. An RPE of 8 would require more weight, whereas an RPE of 6 means an easier training load, thus lighter weight.

All in all, tracking the RPE of sets and reps is incredibly valuable when working with a coach or performance physical therapist. This method of autoregulation creates common ground between the PT and the athlete. It also creates a well-defined approach for managing workload and training effort, an invaluable tool for avoiding injury and overtraining.

The difficulty of RPE is determining how difficult each set or workout should be — or rather placing an RPE value to each exercise. This is why it’s important to work with an experienced personal trainer or performance physical therapist. For a deep dive into implementing RPE into your training, contact us today for a free consultation!